Crude pretreatment is the most important step of all to improve the crude quality and reduce the impurities. Simple distillation may be a misleading term to the beginning organic chemistry student, since it takes a lot of practice in simple distillation to become proficient in this technique. Petroleum refining overview in this lecture, we present a brief overview of the petroleum refining, a prominent process technology in process engineering. This is an idealized method to achieve the best possible separation in distillation, made. Mod05 lec01 introduction to distillation and phase. Boundary layer theory and film theory in mass transfer tutorial of mass transfer operations i course by prof b. Pressureswing distillation for minimum and maximum. Petroleum refining petroleum refining vacuum distillation. Stichlmair encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 1. Practica in process engineering ii distillation introduction distillation is the process of heating a liquid solution, or a liquidvapor mixture, to derive o a vapor and then collecting and condensing this vapor. The primary objective of coal tar distillation process is to produce a number of tar acid products from the crude tar.
Chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii nptel. Desalination is an interdisciplinary journal publishing high quality papers on desalination materials, processes and related technologies desalination welcomes submissions detailing work that is clearly connected to water desalting including applications of desalination to seawater, groundwater and waste waters, such as thermal, membrane, sorption and hybrid processes. The stationary phase is a microscopic layer of liquid or polymer on an inert solid support, inside a piece of glass or metal tubing called a column a homage to the fractionating column used in distillation. Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate. Fractions of crude oil such as lighter gases c1c4, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, fuel oil, diesel etc. Distillation and absorption are two most widely used mass transfer processes in chemical industries.
A traditional approach to face this task is by defining a set of pseudocompounds generated from a true boiling point distillation curve as described in kaes, 2000. Mccabe thiele nptel chemical mass transfer operation 1. Liquidliquid extraction chemical engineering page 1. It is particularly well suited for high purity separations since any degree of separation can be. Computer aided design of distillation column article pdf available in journal of applied sciences research 1117. Distillation principles chemical engineering, 200711, rvce. Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate. Definition distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility vapour pressure of the components in a boiling liquid mixture it is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. The latter method is effective if a suitable solvent can be found. This configuration can be economically used when changes in pressure significantly shift the composition of the. They just so happen to amount to ten, and have relevance across the profession. Mccabethiele method mccabe and thiele 1925 developed a graphical method to determine the theoretical number of stages required to effect the separation of a binary mixture mccabe and. Industrial use distillation is technically the mosttt mature separation operation distillationisdistillation is veryenergyvery energy intensive, especially when the relative volatility, is low nptel syllabus petroleum refinery engineering web course course outline this course will present an overview of the modern, integrated petroleum refinery, its feedstocks, product slate and the processes employed to convert crude oil and intermediate streams into finished products.
Distillation columns and their process calculations. The imperial college lectures in petroleum engineering. Here, we reported the ideas of different processes of distillations and their steps. The process of distillation gives a variety of valuable chemical products. Pressureswing distillation for minimum and maximumboiling. Provides information about academic calendar, notices, gtu results, syllabus,gtu exams,gtu exam question papers,gtu colleges. Today distillation is the most important industrial separation technology. Diffusion, ficks first law, mass transfer coefficients, film theorysurface renewal theoryboundary layer theory,cocurrent, counter current and. Flash calculations are used for processes with vaporliquidequilibrium vle. The separation in distillation occurs when a mixture of compounds in the still is brought to boil. Liquidliquid extraction is a common masstransfer operation in which a target solute material is transferred from a feed phase into a solvent. Comparison of extractive distillation and pressureswing. Distillation is a physical process where compounds are separated by virtue of their different boiling points and vapor pressures. Product blending plays a key role in preparing the refinery products for the market to satisfy the product specifications and environmental regulations.
The instrument used to perform gas chromatography is called a. This paper compares the steadystate design and the dynamic control of these two methods when. Mod01 lec01 fundamentals of separation processes youtube. Mall,department of chemical engineering,iit roorkee. You will be able to continue with a distillation theory and more mass transfer unit operation course andor separation processes course. The distillation process of crude oil is the main concern of this paper. Pressureswing azeotropic distillation uses two columns operating at two different pressures to separate azeotropic mixtures by taking highpurity product streams from one end of the columns and recycling the streams from the other end with compositions near the two azeotropes. As a simplification, assume that the still contains only ethanol and water. Nptel syllabus petroleum refinery engineering web course course outline this course will present an overview of the modern, integrated petroleum refinery, its. True boiling point distillation tbp print this method, described in figure 4. Oil extraction, isolation of oil from animal byproducts, fleshy fruits such as the olive and palm, and oilseeds such as cottonseed, sesame seed, soybeans, and peanuts. The residue of distillation is coal tar pitch, which is further processed into coal tar pitch of desired chemical and physical properties. Chemical engineeering and chemical process technology vol.
Fundamentals the basic principle of distillation is to bring a liquid into intimate contact with a vapor. Atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, cracking, hydrocracking, catalytic reforming, processes for lobs, coking, visbreaking, in a typical refinery. Find the flow rate of liquid entering into the enriching section in molh, rounded off to the nearest integer if the internal reflux ratio is 1. Estimate the feed rate, if the composition of the more volatile component in the feed is. Detemine the efficiency of fractional distillation. National programme on technology enhanced learning nptel is a project of mhrd initiated by seven indian institutes of technology bombay, delhi, kanpur, kharagpur, madras, guwahati and roorkee along with the indian institute of science, bangalore in 2003, to provide quality education to anyone interested in learning from the iits. Pdf distillation familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into. Distillation is an important commercial process that is used in the purification of a large variety of materials. Commercial natural gas is mainly composed of methane. Never distill the distillation flask to dryness as there is a risk of explosion. This configuration can be economically used when changes in pressure significantly shift the composition.
Ten troubleshooting tips chemical engineering page 1. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free. Uses the mccabethiele graphical method to determine the number of equilibrium stages in a distillation column. The principles of vacuum distillation resemble those of fractional distillation commonly called atmospheric distillation to distinguish it from the vacuum method, except that largerdiameter columns are used to maintain comparable vapour velocities at reduced operating pressures.
Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. It is especially important to do a perfect simple distillation when determining a boiling point for identification purposes. However, it also contains ethane, propane and butane in accordance with the specifications for natural gas in each country in which it is distributed. Introduction to column distillation distillation is the most common separation technique in chemical process industry, accounting for 9095% of the separation operations this is why more than a half of this course is devoted to distillation or column distillation, which includes binarymixture distillation. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Distillation distillation is a commonly used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids into their individual components. Vacuum distillation unit page 18 of 83 nptel chemical chemical technology ii cthermal cracker. Absorption, distillation, extraction, adsorption, drying. Rate and equilibrium stage based modeling approaches fundamentals of mass transfer.
Deriving the differential equations of mass transfer derives the differential equations for mass transfer using the integral method and shell balances. Distillation is a very old separation technology for separating liquid mixtures that can be traced back to the chemists in alexandria in the. Nptel syllabus petroleum refinery engineering mafiadoc. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Optimization in chemical engineering by suman dutta. No annoying ads, no download limits, enjoy it and dont forget to bookmark and share the love. The true boiling point tbp distillation astm d2892 using a 15theoretical plate column and 5. Click here for a list of nptel online courses for aicte fdp, jan apr 2019.
Aug 01, 2012 pressureswing azeotropic distillation uses two columns operating at two different pressures to separate azeotropic mixtures by taking highpurity product streams from one end of the columns and recycling the streams from the other end with compositions near the two azeotropes. This book discusses problem formulation and problem solving with the help of algorithms such as secant method, quasinewton method, linear programming and dynamic programming. The distillation process can be carried out in continuous, batch or. Chemical engineering mass transfer operations i nptel. Distillation distillation is a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by theapplication and removal of heat.
Nptel syllabus petroleum refinery engineering web course course outline this course will present an overview of the modern, integrated petroleum refinery, its feedstocks, product slate and the processes employed to convert crude oil and intermediate streams into finished products. It also explains important chemical processes such as fluid flow systems, heat exchangers, chemical reactors and distillation systems using solved examples. Aug 15, 2014 distillation distillation is a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by theapplication and removal of heat. Sample chapters pressure diffusion equation for fluid flow in porous rocks 319 kb contents. To identify a simple liquid by determining its boiling point. Total reflux ratio and its applications in mass transfer by ankur bansal, the gate coach duration. As part of the imperial college lectures in petroleum engineering, and based on a lecture series on the same topic, this book provides the introductory information needed for students of the petroleum engineering and hydrology. Watch as brian greene provides a brief overview of the mathematics behind the higgs boson discovery. Definition distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility vapour pressure of the components in a boiling liquid mixture it is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical r. Mass transfer online course video lectures by iit kanpur. Distillation is done on the basis of differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. You will be able to understand mass transfer mechanism and processes behind absorption and stripping. I majored in chemical engineering with a minor in industrial engineering back in 2012.
When gas is drawn from the earth, it is a mixture of several gases and liquids. True boiling point center for energy resources engineering. Another approach used by many authors, is the lumping of species, where different species are grouped by families chen et al. The main goal was to create web and video courses in all. In the simplest case, the products of a distillation process are limited to an overhead distillate and a bottoms, whose compositions. Prepare for examinations and take any number of courses from various topics on unacademy an education revolution unacademy indias largest learning platform login. Reactive distillation is a process where the chemical reactor is also the still. Separate two miscible liquids, by semimicroscale process, using fractional distillation. Nptel video lecture topics for electrical engineering new no. The former is effective if the composition of the azeotrope changes significantly with pressure. Dvorak, extension environmental engineering specialist sharon o. Gas chromatography chemical engineering, iit bombay.
Nptel chemical mass transfer operation 1 joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 1 of 9 module 5. Two of the most common methods for separating a binary homogeneous azeotrope are pressureswing distillation and extractive distillation. Familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into alcoholic spirits such as gin and vodka, and the fractionation of crude oil into useful products such as gasoline and heating oil. Crude oil is first refined in an atmospheric distillation column. The objective of product blending is to assign all available blend components to satisfy the product demand and specifications to.
As of today we have 76,382,623 ebooks for you to download for free. Separation methods, system diagrams, nonideal mixtures, solving an exercise with mccabethieles graphical method there is a newer video where. Mandal, department of chemical engineering, iit guwahati. Mod05 lec01 introduction to distillation and phase diagrams.
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